International Phonetic Alphabet
List of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Symbols
Below is a list of the 31 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) letters/symbols and their pronunciations, with examples (mostly) from the English language (yes, this is so important for the sake of efficiency that I’ve created a dedicated page on this site).
13 Consonants
[p] - voiceless bilabial stop (like p in pat)
[b] - voiced bilabial stop (like b in bat)
[t] - voiceless alveolar stop (like t in top)
[d] - voiced alveolar stop (like d in dog)
[k] - voiceless velar stop (like k in cat)
[g] - voiced velar stop (like g in go)
[ʃ] - voiceless postalveolar fricative (like sh in shoe)
[ʒ] - voiced postalveolar fricative (like s in measure)
[θ] - voiceless dental fricative (like th in think)
[ð] - voiced dental fricative (like th in this)
[m] - bilabial nasal (like m in man)
[n] - alveolar nasal (like n in net)
[ŋ] - velar nasal (like ng in sing)
12 Vowels
[i] - close front unrounded vowel (like ee in see)
[ɪ] - near-close near-front unrounded vowel (like i in sit)
[e] - close-mid front unrounded vowel (like é in French café)
[ɛ] - open-mid front unrounded vowel (like e in bed)
[æ] - near-open front unrounded vowel (like a in cat)
[ɑ] - open back unrounded vowel (like a in father in AmE)
[ɔ] - open-mid back rounded vowel (like o in thought in BrE)
[o] - close-mid back rounded vowel (like o in go in many languages)
[u] - close back rounded vowel (like oo in food)
[ʊ] - near-close near-back rounded vowel (like u in book)
[ə] - schwa, mid-central vowel (like a in sofa)
[ɐ] near-open central vowel (like a in about)
6 Special Letters and Diacritics
[ʔ] - glottal stop (like the break in uh-oh)
[ɾ] - alveolar tap (like t/d in AmE water)
[ʲ] - palatalization mark (like in Russian мь)
[ː] - length mark (e.g., iː = long ee)
[ˈ] - primary stress marker
[ˌ] - secondary stress marker